The research behind the app
Every lesson in Conversetta rests on research, described in our own words. This is the one place where we name the studies.
How we use research
- Strong evidence
- Many studies agree.
- Promising evidence
- Good studies, but fewer of them.
- Expert practice
- Widely used by coaches and practitioners, not directly tested.
Nothing that failed replication is taught.
By direction
Warm-up
Getting started
- Boothby, Cooney, Sandstrom & Clark (2018). The liking gap in conversations: Do people like us more than we think? Psychological Science. Strong evidence
- Gollwitzer & Sheeran (2006). Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Sheeran, Listrom & Gollwitzer (2025). The when and how of planning: Meta-analysis of the scope and components of implementation intentions in 642 tests. European Review of Social Psychology. Strong evidence
You're Better Company Than You Think
Confidence mindset
- Boothby, Cooney, Sandstrom & Clark (2018). The liking gap in conversations: Do people like us more than we think? Psychological Science. Strong evidence
- Mor & Winquist (2002). Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
- Wells, Clark, Salkovskis, Ludgate, Hackmann & Gelder (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy. Strong evidence
- McManus, Sacadura & Clark (2008). Why social anxiety persists: An experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviours as a maintaining factor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. Strong evidence
- Mayo-Wilson, Dias, Mavranezouli, Kew, Clark, Ades & Pilling (2014). Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. Strong evidence
- Stinson, Cameron, Wood, Gaucher & Holmes (2009). Deconstructing the "reign of error": Interpersonal warmth explains the self-fulfilling prophecy of anticipated acceptance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Kardas, Kumar & Epley (2022). Overly shallow?: Miscalibrated expectations create a barrier to deeper conversation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Gollwitzer & Sheeran (2006). Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Sheeran, Listrom & Gollwitzer (2025). The when and how of planning: Meta-analysis of the scope and components of implementation intentions in 642 tests. European Review of Social Psychology. Strong evidence
Opening Lines
Starting conversations
Curious Questions
Asking
Listening That Lands
Listening
- Arican-Dinc & Gable (2023). Responsiveness in romantic partners' interactions. Current Opinion in Psychology. Strong evidence
- Wirth, Sacco, Hugenberg & Williams (2010). Eye gaze as relational evaluation: Averted eye gaze leads to feelings of ostracism and relational devaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Kleinke (1986). Gaze and eye contact: A research review. Psychological Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Gable, Reis, Impett & Asher (2004). What do you do when things go right? The intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits of sharing positive events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Beukeboom & Pollmann (2021). Partner phubbing: Why using your phone during interactions with your partner can be detrimental for your relationship. Computers in Human Behavior. Promising evidence
- Denecker, Frackowiak, Perneel, Vanden Abeele, Ponnet & De Marez (2024). A dyadic multimethod study of "partner phubbing", smartphone conflict, and relationship quality in opposite-sex couples from Belgium. Current Psychology. Promising evidence
- Yeomans, Minson, Collins, Chen & Gino (2020). Conversational receptiveness: Improving engagement with opposing views. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Promising evidence
Share a Little, Ask a Little
Depth
- Sprecher, Treger, Wondra, Hilaire & Wallpe (2013). Taking turns: Reciprocal self-disclosure promotes liking in initial interactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Collins & Miller (1994). Self-disclosure and liking: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
- Kardas, Kumar & Epley (2022). Overly shallow?: Miscalibrated expectations create a barrier to deeper conversation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Hart, VanEpps & Schweitzer (2021). The (better than expected) consequences of asking sensitive questions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Promising evidence
- Arican-Dinc & Gable (2023). Responsiveness in romantic partners' interactions. Current Opinion in Psychology. Strong evidence
Awkward Is Normal
Resilience
- Bruk, Scholl & Bless (2018). Beautiful mess effect: Self–other differences in evaluation of showing vulnerability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Bruk, Scholl & Bless (2022). You and I both: Self-compassion reduces self–other differences in evaluation of showing vulnerability. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Liu, Liu, Chang & Pan (2025). Vulnerability in high-performing newcomers: Weighing benefits and drawbacks in the socialization process. Human Relations. Promising evidence
- Mor & Winquist (2002). Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
- Wells, Clark, Salkovskis, Ludgate, Hackmann & Gelder (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy. Strong evidence
- McManus, Sacadura & Clark (2008). Why social anxiety persists: An experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviours as a maintaining factor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. Strong evidence
- Mayo-Wilson, Dias, Mavranezouli, Kew, Clark, Ades & Pilling (2014). Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. Strong evidence
- Yeomans, Minson, Collins, Chen & Gino (2020). Conversational receptiveness: Improving engagement with opposing views. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Promising evidence
- Gollwitzer & Sheeran (2006). Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Sheeran, Listrom & Gollwitzer (2025). The when and how of planning: Meta-analysis of the scope and components of implementation intentions in 642 tests. European Review of Social Psychology. Strong evidence
Stories That Land
Charisma
- Tskhay, Zhu, Zou & Rule (2018). Charisma in everyday life: Conceptualization and validation of the General Charisma Inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Antonakis, Fenley & Liechti (2011). Can charisma be taught? Tests of two interventions. Academy of Management Learning & Education. Promising evidence
- Ranehill, Dreber, Johannesson, Leiberg, Sul & Weber (2015). Assessing the robustness of power posing: No effect on hormones and risk tolerance in a large sample of men and women. Psychological Science. Promising evidence
- Gronau, van Erp, Heck, Cesario, Jonas & Wagenmakers (2017). A Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis of the power pose effect with informed and default priors: The case of felt power. Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Boothby & Bohns (2021). Why a simple act of kindness is not as simple as it seems: Underestimating the positive impact of our compliments on others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
First Dates
Dating
- Eastwick & Finkel (2008). Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Eastwick, Joel, Carswell, Molden, Finkel & Blozis (2023). Predicting romantic interest during early relationship development: A preregistered investigation using machine learning. European Journal of Personality. Promising evidence
- Eastwick, Sparks, Finkel, Meza et al. (2025). A worldwide test of the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Boothby, Cooney, Sandstrom & Clark (2018). The liking gap in conversations: Do people like us more than we think? Psychological Science. Strong evidence
- Kardas, Kumar & Epley (2022). Overly shallow?: Miscalibrated expectations create a barrier to deeper conversation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Huang, Yeomans, Brooks, Minson & Gino (2017). It doesn't hurt to ask: Question-asking increases liking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Sprecher, Treger, Wondra, Hilaire & Wallpe (2013). Taking turns: Reciprocal self-disclosure promotes liking in initial interactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Collins & Miller (1994). Self-disclosure and liking: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
- Boothby & Bohns (2021). Why a simple act of kindness is not as simple as it seems: Underestimating the positive impact of our compliments on others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Stinson, Cameron, Wood, Gaucher & Holmes (2009). Deconstructing the "reign of error": Interpersonal warmth explains the self-fulfilling prophecy of anticipated acceptance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Mor & Winquist (2002). Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
- Wells, Clark, Salkovskis, Ludgate, Hackmann & Gelder (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy. Strong evidence
- McManus, Sacadura & Clark (2008). Why social anxiety persists: An experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviours as a maintaining factor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. Strong evidence
- Mayo-Wilson, Dias, Mavranezouli, Kew, Clark, Ades & Pilling (2014). Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. Strong evidence
- Yeomans, Minson, Collins, Chen & Gino (2020). Conversational receptiveness: Improving engagement with opposing views. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Promising evidence
Talking to Strangers
New people
- Epley & Schroeder (2014). Mistakenly seeking solitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Promising evidence
- Boothby, Cooney, Sandstrom & Clark (2018). The liking gap in conversations: Do people like us more than we think? Psychological Science. Strong evidence
- Boothby & Bohns (2021). Why a simple act of kindness is not as simple as it seems: Underestimating the positive impact of our compliments on others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Stinson, Cameron, Wood, Gaucher & Holmes (2009). Deconstructing the "reign of error": Interpersonal warmth explains the self-fulfilling prophecy of anticipated acceptance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Kardas, Kumar & Epley (2022). Overly shallow?: Miscalibrated expectations create a barrier to deeper conversation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Mor & Winquist (2002). Self-focused attention and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
- Wells, Clark, Salkovskis, Ludgate, Hackmann & Gelder (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy. Strong evidence
- McManus, Sacadura & Clark (2008). Why social anxiety persists: An experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviours as a maintaining factor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. Strong evidence
- Mayo-Wilson, Dias, Mavranezouli, Kew, Clark, Ades & Pilling (2014). Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. Strong evidence
Body Language
Body language
- Bond & DePaulo (2006). Accuracy of deception judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Review. Strong evidence
- Hartwig & Bond (2011). Why do lie-catchers fail? A lens model meta-analysis of human lie judgments. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
- Porter & ten Brinke (2008). Reading between the lies: Identifying concealed and falsified emotions in universal facial expressions. Psychological Science. Promising evidence
- Jordan, Brimbal, Wallace, Kassin, Hartwig & Street (2019). A test of the micro-expressions training tool: Does it improve lie detection? Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. Promising evidence
- Barrett, Adolphs, Marsella, Martinez & Pollak (2019). Emotional expressions reconsidered: Challenges to inferring emotion from human facial movements. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. Promising evidence
- Ambady & Rosenthal (1992). Thin slices of expressive behavior as predictors of interpersonal consequences: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Sheppard, Pillai, Wong, Ropar & Mitchell (2016). How easy is it to read the minds of people with autism spectrum disorder? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. Promising evidence
- Blanch-Hartigan, Andrzejewski & Hill (2012). The effectiveness of training to improve person perception accuracy: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Osugi & Kawahara (2018). Effects of head nodding and shaking motions on perceptions of likeability and approachability. Perception. Promising evidence
- Gunnery & Ruben (2016). Perceptions of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles: A meta-analysis. Cognition and Emotion. Strong evidence
- Witt, Wheeless & Allen (2004). A meta-analytical review of the relationship between teacher immediacy and student learning. Communication Monographs. Promising evidence
- Hall, Coats & LeBeau (2005). Nonverbal behavior and the vertical dimension of social relations: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Wang, Mao, Li & Liu (2017). Smile big or not? Effects of smile intensity on perceptions of warmth and competence. Journal of Consumer Research. Promising evidence
- Wirth, Sacco, Hugenberg & Williams (2010). Eye gaze as relational evaluation: Averted eye gaze leads to feelings of ostracism and relational devaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Kleinke (1986). Gaze and eye contact: A research review. Psychological Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Hostetter (2011). When do gestures communicate? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
- Riggio & Friedman (1986). Impression formation: The role of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Ranehill, Dreber, Johannesson, Leiberg, Sul & Weber (2015). Assessing the robustness of power posing: No effect on hormones and risk tolerance in a large sample of men and women. Psychological Science. Promising evidence
- Gronau, van Erp, Heck, Cesario, Jonas & Wagenmakers (2017). A Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis of the power pose effect with informed and default priors: The case of felt power. Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Elfenbein & Ambady (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Kryś et al. (2016). Be careful where you smile: Culture shapes judgments of intelligence and honesty of smiling individuals. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. Promising evidence
- Kraus (2017). Voice-only communication enhances empathic accuracy. American Psychologist. Promising evidence
Everyday Negotiation
Negotiation
- Flynn & Lake (2008). If you need help, just ask: Underestimating compliance with direct requests for help. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Brooks & Schweitzer (2011). Can Nervous Nelly negotiate? How anxiety causes negotiators to make low first offers, exit early, and earn less profit. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Promising evidence
- Kugler, Reif, Kaschner & Brodbeck (2018). Gender differences in the initiation of negotiations: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Leibbrandt & List (2015). Do women avoid salary negotiations? Evidence from a large-scale natural field experiment. Management Science. Promising evidence
- Marks & Harold (2011). Who asks and who receives in salary negotiation. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Promising evidence
- Exley, Niederle & Vesterlund (2020). Knowing when to ask: The cost of leaning in. Journal of Political Economy. Promising evidence
- Garber, Bereby-Meyer & Moran (2026). When and why are negotiators overly pessimistic? The psychology of under-trust in negotiation. Current Opinion in Psychology. Promising evidence
- Brooks (2014). Get excited: Reappraising pre-performance anxiety as excitement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Promising evidence
- Poynter & Smith Pasqualini (2025). Getting excited about public speaking: A replication. Psychology of Language and Communication. Promising evidence
- De Dreu, Weingart & Kwon (2000). Influence of social motives on integrative negotiation: A meta-analytic review and test of two theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Strong evidence
- Thompson & Hrebec (1996). Lose–lose agreements in interdependent decision making. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
- Galinsky, Maddux, Gilin & White (2008). Why it pays to get inside the head of your opponent: The differential effects of perspective taking and empathy in negotiations. Psychological Science. Promising evidence
- Gilin, Maddux, Carpenter & Galinsky (2013). When to use your head and when to use your heart: The differential value of perspective-taking versus empathy in competitive interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Minson, VanEpps, Yip & Schweitzer (2018). Eliciting the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth: The effect of question phrasing on deception. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Promising evidence
- Swaab, Maddux & Sinaceur (2011). Early words that work: When and how virtual linguistic mimicry facilitates negotiation outcomes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Maddux, Mullen & Galinsky (2008). Chameleons bake bigger pies and take bigger pieces: Strategic behavioral mimicry facilitates negotiation outcomes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Wessler, Loschelder, Fendel & Friese (2023). The too-much-mimicry effect: Strong (vs. subtle) mimicry impairs liking and trust in distributive negotiations. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. Promising evidence
- Trzmielewska & Rak (2026). Confederate motor behavior in control conditions and liking effects of being mimicked: A meta-analysis of human confederate paradigms. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. Promising evidence
- Kluger, Lehmann, Aguinis, Itzchakov et al. (2023). A meta-analytic systematic review and theory of the effects of perceived listening on work outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology. Promising evidence
- Vogel & Gastil (2025). The evidentiary basis for political listening: A meta-analysis of the effect of feeling heard. Political Communication. Promising evidence
- Itzchakov, Weinstein, Saluk & Amar (2022). Connection heals wounds: Feeling listened to reduces speakers’ loneliness following a social rejection disclosure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Promising evidence
- Williams, Bourgeois & Croyle (1993). The effects of stealing thunder in criminal and civil trials. Law and Human Behavior. Promising evidence
- O’Keefe (1999). How to handle opposing arguments in persuasive messages: A meta-analytic review of the effects of one-sided and two-sided messages. Annals of the International Communication Association. Promising evidence
- Curhan, Elfenbein & Xu (2006). What do people value when they negotiate? Mapping the domain of subjective value in negotiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Curhan, Elfenbein & Kilduff (2009). Getting off on the right foot: Subjective value versus economic value in predicting longitudinal job outcomes from job offer negotiations. Journal of Applied Psychology. Promising evidence
- Curhan, Elfenbein & Eisenkraft (2010). The objective value of subjective value: A multi-round negotiation study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Galinsky & Mussweiler (2001). First offers as anchors: The role of perspective-taking and negotiator focus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Orr & Guthrie (2006). Anchoring, information, expertise, and negotiation: New insights from meta-analysis. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution. Promising evidence
- Loschelder & Petrowsky (2026). The influential first offer: How to advance a negotiation classic by integrating features, mechanisms, and outcomes. Current Opinion in Psychology. Promising evidence
- Loschelder, Stuppi & Trötschel (2014). “€14,875?!”: Precision boosts the anchoring potency of first offers. Social Psychological and Personality Science. Promising evidence
- Thorsteinson (2021). Knowledge of precise offers as a negotiating tactic does not reduce its effect on counteroffers. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Loschelder, Friese, Schaerer & Galinsky (2016). The too-much-precision effect: When and why precise anchors backfire with experts. Psychological Science. Promising evidence
- Frech, Loschelder & Friese (2019). How and why different forms of expertise moderate anchor precision in price decisions. Experimental Psychology. Promising evidence
- Leib, Köbis, Francke, Shalvi & Roskes (2021). Precision in a seller’s market: Round asking prices lead to higher counteroffers and selling prices. Management Science. Promising evidence
- Galinsky, Rodriguez-Mincey & Grayson (2026). Flexible ambition: How to make bold first offers without backlash. Current Opinion in Psychology. Promising evidence
- Curhan, Overbeck, Cho, Zhang & Yang (2022). Silence is golden: Extended silence, deliberative mindset, and value creation in negotiation. Journal of Applied Psychology. Promising evidence
- Côté, Hideg & Van Kleef (2013). The consequences of faking anger in negotiations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Gaspar, Methasani & Rees (2026). Faking feelings: Emotional deception in negotiation. Current Opinion in Psychology. Promising evidence
- Mertes, Kunz & Hüffmeier (2023). A deep dive into distributive concession making and the likelihood of impasses in negotiations. Collabra: Psychology. Promising evidence
- Leonardelli, Gu, McRuer, Medvec & Galinsky (2019). Multiple equivalent simultaneous offers (MESOs) reduce the negotiator dilemma: How a choice of first offers increases economic and relational outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Promising evidence
- Schaerer, Pow, Petrowsky & Swaab (2026). The psychology of negotiation alternatives: Power, pathways, and performance. Current Opinion in Psychology. Promising evidence
- Ma, Ponce de Leon & Rosette (2024). Asking for less (but receiving more): Women avoid impasses and outperform men when negotiators have weak alternatives. Journal of Applied Psychology. Promising evidence
- Schweinsberg, Thau & Pillutla (2026). Negotiation impasses as meaningful outcomes: How AI is changing the cost structure of walking away. Current Opinion in Psychology. Promising evidence
- Gino & Moore (2008). Using final deadlines strategically in negotiation. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research. Promising evidence
- Schweitzer, Hershey & Bradlow (2006). Promises and lies: Restoring violated trust. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Promising evidence
- Bowles & Babcock (2013). How can women escape the compensation negotiation dilemma? Relational accounts are one answer. Psychology of Women Quarterly. Promising evidence
- Bowles, Babcock & Lai (2007). Social incentives for gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations: Sometimes it does hurt to ask. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Promising evidence
- Amanatullah & Morris (2010). Negotiating gender roles: Gender differences in assertive negotiating are mediated by women’s fear of backlash and attenuated when negotiating on behalf of others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Promising evidence
- Mazei, Bear, Schaumberg & Hüffmeier (2026). Explaining gender differences in negotiation: A close replication of Amanatullah and Morris (2010). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Promising evidence
- Artz, Goodall & Oswald (2018). Do women ask? Industrial Relations. Promising evidence
- Bear, Mazei, Hüffmeier & Paruch (2026). When and why women ask (or do not): Taking stock of research on gender differences in negotiation propensity, behavior, and outcomes. Current Opinion in Psychology. Promising evidence
- Townsend, Kray & Delecourt (2026). People prefer to negotiate with women, even when outcomes are identical and gender is unknown. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Promising evidence
- Mazei, Hüffmeier, Freund, Stuhlmacher, Bilke & Hertel (2015). A meta-analysis on gender differences in negotiation outcomes and their moderators. Psychological Bulletin. Strong evidence
Expert practice
Some lessons also use ideas that practitioners rely on but research hasn't tested directly:
- Preparing a few topics before a social event helps, and isn't inauthentic.
- Keep a hello easy to turn down: brief where someone can't easily walk away, and a warm exit when the replies stay short.
- Listening that others notice is responsive and said out loud, not silent eye contact.
- A warm start (turning towards someone, an easy greeting, a calm pace with pauses) is a widely used way to come across as approachable.
- Making it easy to say no ("Say if it doesn't work for you") is a widely used, honest way to ask.
- Open "how" and "what" questions ("What would make this work for you?") invite them to explain, and sound less like a challenge than "why".
- Repeating their last few words as a question ("The timing?") is a widely used way to get someone to say more.
- Naming what you think worries them, as a light guess ("Sounds like the timing is the hard part"), is a widely used way to calm a tense moment and show you understand.
- Summing up what they said until they agree it's right is a widely used way to check you've understood before you make your case.
- When things get tense, a calm, slow, friendly voice is a widely used way to keep a negotiation steady.
- When someone pushes with a sudden deadline, a take-it-or-leave-it or a "final" number, it's a widely used approach to slow down, ask what's behind it, and check it against your plan B.
What research can't tell you
- Most studies come from North America and Europe, so results may differ in other cultures.
- The effects are real but modest; these are improvements, not transformations.
- Much relationship research shows links, not proven causes.
- Research can describe relationships, but it can't predict yours.
- Most findings rely on people describing themselves.
- This is practice, not therapy. Some things need a professional — resources are always in the app.
- Structured programme studies show bigger effects than everyday-life studies; we don't mix the two.
- When behaviour is measured objectively, effects often look smaller.
- Positive results get published more often than null results.
- An app only helps if it's used: regular practice matters more than any single tip.
Our advisors
Our scientific and clinical advisors will be named here once their contracts are in place.